81. What is the difference between START and XCTL ?
START is used to start a new task. It is a interval control command. XCTL is used to pass control to a program within the same task. It is a program control command.

82. Can you have CICS code in a copybook? If yes, what happens during compilation?
Yes. Needs to be preprocessed.

83. How do you handle errors in CICS programs ?
Check EIBRESP after the call or use the HANDLE condition.

84. What are the 3 common ways to create maps?
The first way is to code a physical map and then code a matching symbolic map in your COBOL program. The second way to create a physical map along with a matching symbolic map is to code only the physical map using the &SYSPARM option, CICS will automatically create a member in a COPY library. And the third way is to use a map generator such as SDF (Screen Definition Facility).

85. What is Quasi-reentrancy?
There are times when many users are concurrently using the same program, this is what we call Multi-Threading. For example, 50 users are using program A, CICS will provide 50 Working storage for that program but one Procedure Division. And this technique is known as quasi-reentrancy.

86. How do you remove the unwanted characters as input under the CICS environment?
The CICS Built-in function BIF DEEDIT is used. It is most often used for numeric editing. It can be used to remove the special characters as commas, minus... Ex. for the resulting field to be right justified, and high order positions to be filled with '0' use EXEC CICS BIF DEEDIT FIELD(ws-data) LENGTH(nnn) END-EXEC.

87. Can you send a Simple message on to the terminal without defining / using any Maps?
Yes, By using the SEND TEXT command with FROM(data-area), LENGTH(value), ERASE and FREEKB options, as needed. FREEKB option specifies the keyboard to be unlocked, If not specified press the RESET key.

88. What is the purpose of ACCUM option in the Send Map command. Explain in detail.

If say three maps have to be sent to the terminal (1st with title common to all, Last with messages common to all and the middle one, the map with info' pertaining to the program.) The if we use the ACCUM option with the SEND MAP, the system accumulate the maps into a Page Buffer. By using SEND PAGE, all the maps can be sent together as a single map, which decrease the I/O time between the system terminal and the CICS system.

89. How are the HEADER and TRAILER options of DFHMDI are used?

When a MAP is sent with HEADER=YES as an operand, previous pages are erased. A page always reserves enough space to hold the largest TRAILER=YES map. Define the 1st map with header=yes with Justify=First and last map with trailer=yes with justify=last and the all the other's in between with justify=next. This type of Map Definition Initial will helps to control overflow by using the HANDLE CONDITION OVERFLOW command.

90. Write about Paging.
PAGING operand is used with SEND MAP to accumulated pages and send them to temporary storage for later use.

91. What are the basic Terminal control commands under CICS?
EXEC CICS SEND FROM(data) ERASE END-EXEC, and EXEC CICS RECEIVE INTO(data) LENGTH(length) RESP(data) END-EXEC.

92. What is the use of the RETRIEVE command in CICS?
RETRIEVE is used to retrieve data passed to a transaction by using the START command. It has the options as INTO, LENGTH, RTRANSID, RTERMID and QUEUE, which are used to receive respective data sent by START. The CANCEL command can be used to Cancel a START request by using the REQID option.

93. When you do a START, what will the value of EIBCALEN?
Zero

94. What are various Interval Control Commands used under CICS?
ASKTIME, FORMATTIME with the ABSTIME (data-area. S9(15)) option are the two widely used CICS commands to determine the system data and time in various formats.

95. Explain the LOAD command.
It's used to retrieve and load an object program from Disk into Memory. It's used to handle large static tables. It could use a number of pointers for each 4096K size of data. It's a storage control command such as GETMAIN.

96. What are the Recovery Processing Commands used in CICS?
SYNCPOINT and ROLLBACK, which are used to commit or back out all the changes made during the Current LUW.

97. What is difference between call and link ?
In case of call, whenever you do changes to the called program you need to compile the calling program also. In case of link , it is not needed.

98. What is Communication Area?
Communication Area is used to pass data between the programor between the task.

99. Diference between TSQ & TDQ
TDQ is read destructive, TSQ is not. TSQ can be created dynamically, TDQ cannot be created dynamically. TSQ is temporary in nature (i:e it will be deleted when the program finishes execution, unless it is made permanent by making a entry in the Temporary Storage Table), TDQ is not.

100. What is ENQ in CICS?
If any one want to restrict Trans-Id to single user, enter trans-id with ENQ. It won't allow any one else to use the same trans-id.